ABSTRACT
Introduction: Height has been one of the impressive factors for personal identification of individuals since long ago & has always been of immense interest to anthropologists & for medico-legal purposes in Forensic Medicine. Methods: The present study was conducted on 800 Students (400 male & 400 female) medical students of cosmopolitan origin, ranging from age group of 17 – 25 years of Western U.P. The measurements were taken at fixed time between 2 to 5 p.m. to eliminate the discrepancies due to diurnal variation. Results: Gender differences with respect to the mean cranial length, cranial breadths were found to be significantly larger in males compared to females. Correlation coefficient between the stature and measured cranial dimensions were found to be statistically significant and positive in both males and females. Independent linear regression analyses for predicting the stature using the head length and head breadth in both genders were: Male - Stature = 109.97+3.18 x hl; Stature = 107.64+4.19 x hb Female - Stature = 121.54+2.03 x hl; Stature = 114.88+2.58 x hb. For height & cranial dimensions measurements, all three estimates yielded a very high degree of precision (TEM < 0.5 cm, rTEM < 0.84%, and R ≥ 0.98). These results suggest that both height and cranial dimensions a are sufficiently precise for anthropometric research applications. Conclusion: If one of the parameter is known the other can be known by applying the regression equations and this is of paramount importance to the forensic and anthropology sciences.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Body Height/analysis , Body Height/ethnology , Body Height/etiology , Cephalometry/methods , Craniology , Female , Gender Identity , Humans , India , Male , Population Groups , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/ethnology , Young AdultABSTRACT
aso de craneoplastia con costilla en un paciente con un síndrome de colgajo hundido, hacemos énfasis en la posibilidad de utilizar un injerto autológo, en este caso costilla en lugar de aloinjertos, siempre que sea posible. Las causas del problema fueron un defecto de la bóveda craneal secundaria a una craneotomía por edema cerebral pos-traumático y la colocación de una derivación ventrículo peritoneal. Los resultados obtenidos tanto desde el punto de vista neurofuncional como estético fueron excelentes.
A case of the syndrome of sinking skin flap and his treatment by performing slip rip autograph cranioplasty, the reasons for cranial reconstruction were calvaría defect from previous craniotomy a VP shunt. We emphasize on the convenience of the use of rib auto graft cranioplasty. Results were excellent.
Subject(s)
CraniologyABSTRACT
El crecimiento craneofacial y patrón Esqueletal es importante porque todos los mecanismos de crecimiento, son procesos morfogenéticos encaminados hacia un equilibrio funcional del complejo maxilofacial. Por lo tanto, el objetivo es Describir y comparar radiográficamente el crecimiento y patrón Esqueletal craneofacial más frecuentes por género, con una muestra de 165 radiografías del Centro de Imágenes la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador, efectuadas en Agosto 2006-2007. Esta investigación es de tipo Descriptiva. Las variables fueron género, patrón Esqueletal y tipo de crecimiento. Los datos se procesaron en el programa Stadistical Product for Service Solutions 16.0 (SPSS). El crecimiento craneofacial en el género femenino es 44.2% neutro y 14.5% vertical; el género masculino presento crecimiento neutro un 32.7%, 7.9% vertical y 0.6% horizontal. Siendo el crecimiento neutro más frecuente para ambos géneros. El patrón Esqueletal presento en el género femenino 13.3% clase I, 45.5% clase II y el género masculino presento 6.7% clase I; 31.1% clase II; y 2.4% clase III. Siendo el patrón clase II más frecuente. Se obtuvo un alto número de pacientes clase II considerándose este uno de los más complejos, combinado con un crecimiento vertical, podría dificultar el manejo del paciente. Importante recordar a estudiantes y odontólogos a reorientar el crecimiento, modificando hábitos o funciones incorrectas con el uso de aparatología; utilizadas en forma precoz durante la maduración del niño; además mediante una detección temprana con hallazgos clínicos, patrón Esqueletal y crecimiento craneofacial; el manejo podría verse simplificado y obtener mejores resultados.
Craniofacial growth and skeletal pattern is important because all growth mechanisms are morphogenetic processes directed towards a functional balance of the maxillofacial complex. Therefore, the objective is to describe and radiographically compare the most frequent growth and craniofacial skeletal pattern by gender, with a sample of 165 radiographs from the Imaging Center of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of El Salvador, carried out in August 2006-2007. This research is descriptive. The variables were gender, skeletal pattern and type of growth. The data were processed in the Statistical Product for Service Solutions 16.0 (SPSS) program. The craniofacial growth in the female gender is 44.2% neutral and 14.5% vertical; the male gender presented neutral growth of 32.7%, 7.9% vertical and 0.6% horizontal. Being the most frequent neutral growth for both genders. The skeletal pattern presented in the female gender 13.3% class I, 45.5% class II and the male gender presented 6.7% class I; 31.1% class II; and 2.4% class III. Being the most frequent class II pattern. A high number of class II patients was obtained, considering this one of the most complex, combined with vertical growth, it could make patient management difficult. It is important to remind students and dentists to reorient growth, modifying incorrect habits or functions with the use of appliances; used early during the maturation of the child; also by early detection with clinical findings, skeletal pattern and craniofacial growth; the handling could be simplified and get better results.
Subject(s)
Craniology , Orthodontics , Schools, Dental , Child , MalocclusionABSTRACT
Les études téléradiographiques de la croissancesont nombreuses et représentent une contributionau domaine de la connaissance anthropologique desétapes du développement cranio-facial. Cependant, en Afrique noire il y a très peu d'études de ce genre. Danscette étude transversale, nous analysons la croissancede la base du crâne, du maxillaire et de la mandibule chez les jeunes garçons africains mélanodermes.L'échantillon d'étude est constitué de 516 garçons en période de croissance, âgés de 8 à 20 ans, non traitésorthodontiquement, supposées orthomorphiques etayant une téléradiographie de profil en occlusion deconvenance.La mandibule et le maxillaire présentent des rythmes de croissance différents tout en restant actifs jusqu'à 20ans mais la croissance de la base du crâne semble sestabiliser plus tôt, après 11 ans. La prise en compte de ces variations morphologiques sont déterminantes pour la conduite de traitements plus stables et adaptés à nos populations
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Black People , Child , Craniology , Face , Skull/growth & developmentSubject(s)
Humans , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/growth & development , Anthropology, Physical , Craniology , PrimatesABSTRACT
Se investigó los patrones de abrasiones oclusales en dientes de diez y seis indios Changos que vivieron entre los siglos VII y XII D.C en la costa de norte chileno, cuyos cráneos se rescataron desde sitios arqueológicos en Mejillones y Antofagasta. Se utilizó la escala Molnar para determinar el grado de abrasión oclusal en dientes permanentes Los resultados sugieren que en la alimentación de estos habitantes existió una alta proporción de partículas abrasivas (arena), no registrándose evidencias que estas abrasiones se deban al uso de la dentadura como herramienta. También debió haber ocurrir un cambio en el sistema neuromuscular del sistema estomatognático, generándose una mordida bis a bis, transformado la curva de Spee hasta llegar a desaparecer. En la mayoría de las dentaduras no se observan caries y muestran sus terceros molares erupcionados.
Patterns of occlusional abrasions were studied in teeth from skulls of 16 indigenous inhabitants ("Changos") from northern Chile living in the VIII and the XII centuries AD. The skulls were obtained from archeological sites in Mejillones and Antofagasta (23º5'S). The Molnar scale was used to determine the degree of occlusional abrasion of permanent teeth. The results suggested a high proportion of abrasional material (sand) occurred in the diets of these people, and no evidence was found of abrasion due to using the teeth as tools. Also, there must have been a change in the stomatognathic neuromuscular system, producing a "bis to bis"bite, thus transforming the Spee curve until its nearly complete disappearance. No caries were observed in a majority of the dentitions, and most had the third molar erupted.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Occlusion , Indigenous Peoples , Tooth Attrition , Craniology , Jaw , Tooth AbrasionABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Comparar o comportamento lúdico entre crianças eutróficas e desnutridas, verificando sua associação com variáveis sócio-demográficas e crescimento craniano diferencial.MÉTODO: Crianças de quatro a 18 meses, internadas no Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco, sendo 47 eutróficas e 45 desnutridas, foram classificadas segundo indicador peso/idade (NCHS), considerando-se desnutridas aquelas com score Z menor que û2 . Foram registrados a sua circunferência craniana e o comprimento. Dados sobre idade , escolaridade materna, procedência, renda familiar e sobre o brincar da criança no lar foram obtidos por questionário aos pais. O crescimento diferencial do crânio ( circunferência craniana/comprimento ) foi determinado. O brincar foi avaliado por scores de 1 a 10. RESULTADOS: Mais baixo desempenho lúdico do grupo desnutrido mostrou-se associado a idade materna superior a 25 anos (p<0,001), a menor escolaridade materna (p=0,003), a maior aglomeração familiar (p,0,001) e menor renda (p=0,005). Redução do crescimento craniano (p<0,001) e do desempenho lúdico (p<0,001) foram observados nos desnutridos do sexo masculino, mas não nos do feminino.CONCLUSÕES: A desnutrição, isoladamente ou associada a condições sócio-demográficas precárias, prejudica o desempenho, no comportamento lúdico. Nas crianças desnutridas, alterações no ritmo do crescimento craniano podem estar relacionadas à diferença no desempenho lúdico entre os gêneros.
Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Development , Nutrition Disorders , Craniology , Socioeconomic Factors , Weight by AgeABSTRACT
To evaluate the cranio cervical region from a radiological point of view in healthy young adults, a lateral head and neck radiological study, using the technique described by Rocabado, was done to 60 chilean young adults, aged 19 to 24 years old. The cervical curvature was altered in 70 percent of subjects (kyphosis in 35 percent, straightening in 33 percent and lordosis in 1.7 percent). Sixty eight percent had alteration of the hyoid triangle (in the plane in 31,7 percent and inverted in 37 percent). The distance between C0 and C1 was altered in 48 percent (less than 4 mm in 15 percent and more than 9 mm in 33 percents). An altered posteroinferior angle was observed in 40 percent (less than 96º in 30 percent and over 106º in 10 percent). A high percentage of alterations of the craniocervical region was detected in healthy adults
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Cephalometry , Skull/anatomy & histology , Stomatognathic System/anatomy & histology , Cervical Vertebrae/anatomy & histology , Craniomandibular Disorders/diagnosis , CraniologyABSTRACT
En una comunidad de 39 cráneos prehispánicos encontrados en Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia, se examinaron sus estructuras dentales. Se encontró que presentan un 88.0 por ciento de los dientes presentes en condición de sanos, que el índice COP es de 4.3 y un 63.6 por ciento de la población de cráneos con antecedentes de caries dentales. De las otras patologías en dientes permanentes el 74.3 por ciento de la población de cráneos está afectada por atrición (desgaste oclusal) y el 94.0 por ciento de los dientes presentes manifiestan esa condición. De las anomalías dentomaxilofaciales la de mayor prevalencia son las diastemas, apiñamiento y mordida cruzada posterior